Many banks and mortgage companies looked for creative ways to make more money in the short-term by coming up with different ways of getting money from people. One of those ways was allowing people to buy more house than they could really afford using Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs).
And ARM is a type of mortgage where people pay lower amounts on their mortgages for 3, 5, or 7 years (sometimes even 10!), don't pay down the principle (what the house was worth at the time the house was bought--how much the house sold for), and then after a set amount of time the mortgage amount increases by up to 2% of the loan value.
ARMs allow people to buy more house (read: houses they couldn't really afford). When people are struggling to make their mortgage payments every month and then the mortgage payments increase by several hundred dollars a month, they get into financial trouble, can't pay for their houses, fall behind in payments, and the banks start the foreclosure process. Foreclosure is when a bank tries to get its money back by forcing a sale of the house.
The real problem comes in when the house value decreases, people haven't paid down any of the principle (the owe more money to the bank than the house is worth), and banks get stuck with a bad loan (no one paying on the loan) and they cannot sell the house for what's owed on it.
The banks and mortgage companies created their own mess. Let the Darwinian process unfold, kill off the stupid and unfit financial institutions, and let the smart, strong, and adaptable survive.
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